Knowledge of Brazilian dentists about bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaw / Conhecimento de dentistas brasileiros sobre a osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos

Osteonecrosis of the jaw associated with bisphosphonate use is a matter of utmost importance in clinical practice for the safe treatment of patients using this medication. Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the level of knowledge of dentists who carry out clinical practice about bisphosphonate-associated jaw osteonecrosis. Material and Methods: The methodology used in the present research consisted of a non-probability sampling approach for the selection of participants. To conduct the study, a questionnaire created on the Google Forms platform was sent via Direct on Instagram to the professionals who agreed to participate. The data were sent for analysis, using the frequency for each response, and the professionals were divided into subcategories according to their time of professional practice. Results: Participants were familiar with the purpose of the medication (65%) or had heard of it (34%); regarding the professionals' opinion on their knowledge and practice about bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis a significant percentage (93.24%) responded positively regarding the existence of side effects resulting from the therapeutic use of bisphosphonates and 48.65% self-evaluated their level of knowledge on the subject as insufficient. Conclusion: The study reveals that almost all participating dentists have good knowledge about the effects caused by bisphosphonates, but some of them still do not feel specifically confident about the management and knowledge of jaw osteonecrosis (AU)

A osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso de bisfosfonatos é um assunto de suma importância na prática clínica para o atendimento seguro dos pacientes que fazem uso terapêutico do medicamento. Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento de cirurgiões dentistas que realizam atendimento clínico acerca da osteonecrose dos maxilares associada ao uso dos bisfosfonatos. Material e Métodos: A metodologia utilizada na presente pesquisa consistiu em uma abordagem de amostragem não probabilística para a seleção dos participantes. Para conduzir o estudo, enviamos um questionário criado na plataforma Google Forms via Direct no Instagram para os profissionais que concordaram em participar. Os dados foram enviados para análise, usando a frequência para cada resposta, sendo que os profissionais foram divididos em subcategorias por tempo de formação. Resultados: Os participantes estavam familiarizados com a finalidade do medicamento (65%) ou já haviam ouvido falar deles (34%); em relação à opinião dos profissionais sobre seu conhecimento e prática acerca da osteonecrose relacionada aos bisfosfonatos, observou-se que 48,65% autoavaliaram seu nível de conhecimento sobre o assunto como insuficiente e uma parcela expressiva (93,24%) respondeu positivamente em relação à existência de efeitos colaterais decorrentes ao uso terapêutico dos bisfosfonatos. Conclusão: O estudo revela que quase todos os dentistas participantes possuem um bom conhecimento acerca dos efeitos causados pelos bisfosfonatos, mas que parte deles ainda não se sentem seguros especificamente em relação ao manejo e conhecimento da osteonecrose dos maxilares (AU)

Osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso demedicamentos: características patológicas, diagnóstico,prevenção e estratégias terapêuticas / Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws: pathological characteristics, diagnosis, prevention and therapeutic strategies

Objetivo: Este trabalho tem como propósito fornecer uma análise abrangente das características clínicas, etiológicas, radiográficas e histopatológicas da osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de medicamentos, além de abordar os métodos de diagnóstico, prevenção e estratégias terapêuticas. Materiais e métodos: foi realizada uma busca por artigos científicos publicados no período de 2015 a 2023, utilizando as bases de dados Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) e ScienceDirect. Conclusão: Embora infrequente, há um considerável potencial de ocorrência de osteonecrose dos maxilares em pacientes submetidos a terapia prolongada com medicamentos antirreabsortivos e antiangiogênicos, especialmente quando não são adotadas medidas preventivas adequadas. A implementação de práticas preventivas, a vigilância das condições bucais e a colaboração de uma equipe multidisciplinar são fundamentais para reduzir os riscos associados a essa condição patológica.(AU)

Objective: This work aims to provide a comprehensive analysis of the clinical, etiological, radiographic and histopathological characteristics of Medication-Related Jaw Osteonecrosis, in addition to addressing diagnostic methods, prevention and therapeutic strategies. Materials and methods: A search was carried out for scientific articles published between 2015 and 2023, using the Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO), US National Library of Medicine (PubMed) and ScienceDirect databases. Conclusion: Although infrequent, there is a considerable potential for osteonecrosis of the jaw to occur in patients undergoing prolonged therapy with antiresorptive and antiangiogenic medications, especially when adequate preventive measures are not adopted. The implementation of preventive practices, surveillance of oral conditions and the collaboration of a multidisciplinary team are essential to reduce the risks associated with this pathological condition.(AU)

Visual and quantitative assessment of the effectiveness of non-vascularized bone grafting in osteonecrosis of the femoral head via CT-based radiomics and clinical data / 中国修复重建外科杂志

OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the value of CT-based radiomics and clinical data in predicting the efficacy of non-vascularized bone grafting (NVBG) in hip preservation, and to construct a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation.@*METHODS@#Between June 2009 and June 2019, 153 patients (182 hips) with osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) who underwent NVBG for hip preservation were included, and the training and testing sets were divided in a 7∶3 ratio to define hip preservation success or failure according to the 3-year postoperative follow-up. The radiomic features of the region of interest in the CT images were extracted, and the radiomics-scores were calculated by the linear weighting and coefficients of the radiomic features after dimensionality reduction. The clinical predictors were screened using univariate and multivariate Cox regression analysis. The radiomics model, clinical model, and clinical-radiomics (C-R) model were constructed respectively. Their predictive performance for the efficacy of hip preservation was compared in the training and testing sets, with evaluation indexes including area under the curve, C-Index, sensitivity, specificity, and calibration curve, etc. The best model was visualised using nomogram, and its clinical utility was assessed by decision curves.@*RESULTS@#At the 3-year postoperative follow-up, the cumulative survival rate of hip preservation was 70.33%. Continued exposure to risk factors postoperative and Japanese Investigation Committee (JIC) staging were clinical predictors of the efficacy of hip preservation, and 13 radiomic features derived from least absolute shrinkage and selection operator downscaling were used to calculate Rad-scores. The C-R model outperformed both the clinical and radiomics models in predicting the efficacy of hip preservation 1, 2, 3 years postoperative in both the training and testing sets ( P<0.05), with good agreement between the predicted and observed values. A nomogram constructed based on the C-R model showed that patients with lower Rad-scores, no further postoperative exposure to risk factors, and B or C1 types of JIC staging had a higher probability of femoral survival at 1, 2, 3 years postoperatively. The decision curve analysis showed that the C-R model had a higher total net benefit than both the clinical and radiomics models with a single predictor, and it could bring more net benefit to patients within a larger probability threshold.@*CONCLUSION@#The prediction model and nomogram constructed by CT-based radiomics combined with clinical data is a visual, quantifiable, and effective method for decision-making of hip preservation, which can predict the efficacy of NVBG before surgery and has a high value of clinical application.

Osteonecrosis múltiple inducida por glucocorticoides / Multiple osteonecrosis induced bye glucocorticoids / Osteonecrose múltipla induzida por glicocorticóides

La osteonecrosis múltiple es una entidad poco frecuente que se define por el compromiso de al menos tres regiones diferentes. Es indispensable el abordaje multidisciplinario de los pacientes que la padecen tanto para el diagnóstico como el tratamiento oportuno. Presentamos el caso clínico de un paciente joven que presenta una osteonecrosis múltiple con compromiso de ambas caderas, hombros, rodillas, codo derecho y cuello de pie izquierdo. El principal factor de riesgo presente en nuestro caso es el consumo de glucocorticoides.

Multiple osteonecrosis is a rare entity that is defined by the involvement of at least three different regions. A multidisciplinary approach to patients who suffer from it is essential for both diagnosis and timely treatment. We present the clinical case of a young patient who presented multiple osteonecrosis with involvement of both hips, shoulders, knees, right elbow, and neck of the left foot. The main risk factor present in our case is the consumption of glucocorticoids.

A osteonecrose múltipla é uma entidade rara que se define pelo envolvimento de pelo menos três regiões diferentes. Uma abordagem multidisciplinar aos pacientes que sofrem com isso é essencial para o diagnóstico e tratamento oportuno. Apresentamos o caso clínico de um paciente jovem que apresenta osteonecrose múltipla envolvendo quadris, ombros, joelhos, cotovelo direito e pescoço do pé esquerdo. O principal fator de risco presente no nosso caso é o consumo de glicocorticóides.

Effectiveness of platelet-rich plasma as an adjunct to core decompression to treatment outcomes and femoral head preservation in avascular necrosis of the hip: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

Background@#Avascular necrosis (AVN) of the femoral head results from intraosseous pathology causing functional impairment. Early diagnosis allows conservative treatment like core decompression, delaying total hip arthroplasty.@*Objective@#This meta-analysis aims to summarize platelet-rich plasma's (PRP) impact as an adjunct to core decompression (CD) on treatment outcomes and femoral head preservation in hip AVN. @*Methods@#The study conducted a comprehensive literature search using PubMed, Cochrane Library, Science Direct, Google Scholar and Med Line, including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and previous meta-analyses from various databases. Using a random effects model, it compared PRP+CD with bone grafting to CD with bone grafting alone in AVN patients, evaluating function, pain scores, disease progression and the need for hip surgery.@*Results@#The meta-analysis examined 1041 records and included three studies. The primary outcomes were function and pain scores using Harris Hip Scoring (HHS) and Visual Analog Scale (VAS). Postoperative HHS scores at final follow-up favored the PRP+CD group significantly over CD alone. Postoperative VAS scores showed a trend towards higher scores in the CD alone group. The PRP+CD group demonstrated higher survival from disease progression compared to CD alone. Overall, the study suggests that PRP+CD led to better functional outcomes and disease progression outcomes than CD alone in AVN of the hip.@*Conclusion@#The PRP+CD treatment group showed significant benefits in AVN patients compared to CD alone, including higher HHS scores, improved disease progression survival and reduced need for hip surgery. Although PRP+CD resulted in decreased VAS scores, the difference was not statistically significant.

Denosumabe e osteonecrose dos maxilares: o que o cirugião-dentista precisa saber? / Denosumab and osteonecrosis of the jaws: what does the dental surgeon need to know? / Denosumab y osteonecrosis de mandíbulas: ¿qué necesita saber el cirujano dental?

Introdução:O Denosumabeé um fármaco antirreabsortivo indicado para o tratamento de osteoporose e doenças ósseas metastáticas. O seu uso está associado ao desenvolvimento de reações adversas em diferentes órgãos, como a osteonecrose dos maxilares, que é o evento adverso de interesseodontológico. Objetivo:Realizar um levantamento bibliográfico sobre o mecanismo de ação do Denosumabe no tecido ósseo e destacar a importância do cirurgião-dentista na prevenção, no diagnóstico e tratamento da osteonecrose nos maxilares.Metodologia:Trata-se de uma revisão integrativa elaboradaem duas etapas: inicialmente realizou-se uma busca de artigos publicados entre os anos 2010a 2022, sobre a osteonecrose em pacientes que fazem uso do Denosumabe nas plataformas de dados Pubmed, ScieloeBiblioteca Virtual em Saúde. Posteriormente, foi feita uma seleção de partes relevantes para a pesquisa, uma leitura analítica e a organização das informações coletadas pertinentes a cada tópico da pesquisa.Resultados:ODenosumabe inibea ligação da citocina RANKL ao seu receptor RANK, tal mecanismo de ação reduz o processo de reabsorção óssea execessiva. As osteonecroses podem apresentar-se em diferentes níveis de estadiamento e caracterizam-se como área de exposição óssea necrótica na região maxilofacial, permanecendo por mais de oito semanas e sem histórico de radioterapia ou doença metastática evidentes nos maxilares. Alguns fatores predispõem o desenvolvimento das osteonecroses, entre eles: procedimentos odontológicos cirúrgicos. Ainda não existe um protocolo de tratamento definitivo, entretanto, modalidades terapêuticas coadjuvantes são administradas de acordo com a condição clínicado paciente.Conclusões:O exame clínico deve ser minucioso, atentando-se a qualquer alteração na cavidade bucal, às doenças preexistentes e às medicações utilizadas pelo paciente. Em todos os casos deve-se, realizar orientações de higiene oral e adequação do meio bucal previamente ao tratamento oncológico e ao uso de drogas antirreabsortivas (AU).

Introduction:Denosumab is an antiresorptive drug indicated for the treatment of osteoporosis and metastatic bone diseases. Its use is associated with the development of adverse reactions in different organs, such as osteonecrosis of the jaws, which is an adverse event ofdentalinterest.Objective:Conducta bibliographic survey on the mechanism of action of Denosumab in bone tissue and to highlight the importance of the dentist in the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of osteonecrosis in the jaws. Methodology: This is an integrative review carried out in two stages: initially, a search was carried out for articles published between the years 2010to 2022, on osteonecrosis in patients using Denosumab in the data platforms Pubmed, Scieloand Virtual Health Library(BVS). Subsequently, a selection of relevant parts for the research was made, an analytical reading and the organization of the collected information pertinent to each research theme was carried out.Results:TheDenosumab inhibitsthe binding of the RANKL cytokine to its RANK receptor, this mechanism of action reduces the process of excessive bone resorption. Osteonecrosis can present at different staging levels and are characterized as an area of necrotic bone exposure in the maxillofacial region, lasting for more than eight weeks and without a history of radiotherapy or evident metastatic disease in the jaws. Some factors predispose the development of osteonecrosis, including: surgical dental procedures. There is still no definitive treatment protocol, however, supporting therapeutic modalities are administered according to the patient's clinical condition.Conclusions:The clinical examination must be thorough, paying attention to any changes in the oral cavity, pre existing diseases and medications used by the patient. In all cases, guidelines on oral hygiene and adequacy of the oral environment should be carried out prior to oncological treatment and the use of antiresorptive drugs (AU).

Introducción: Denosumab es un fármaco antirresortivo indicado para el tratamiento de la osteoporosis y enfermedades óseas metastásicas. Su usoestá asociado al desarrollo de reacciones adversas en diferentes órganos, comola osteonecrosis de los maxilares, que es un evento adverso de interés odontológico. Objetivo: Realizar un levantamiento bibliográfico sobre el mecanismo de acción de Denosumab en el tejido óseo y resaltar la importancia del odontólogo en la prevención, diagnóstico y tratamiento de la osteonecrosis en los maxilares. Metodología: Esta es una revisión integradora realizada en dos etapas: inicialmente se realizó una búsqueda de artículos publicados entre los años 2010 a 2022, sobre osteonecrosis en pacientes usuarios de Denosumab en las plataformas Pubmed, ScieloyBiblioteca Virtual en Salud(BVS).Posteriormente, se realizó una selección de partes relevantes para la investigación, se realizó una lectura analítica y la organización de la información recolectada relevante para cada tema de investigación. Resultados:Denosumab inhibela unión de la citoquina RANKL a su receptor RANK, este mecanismo de acción reduce el proceso de reabsorción ósea excesiva. La osteonecrosis puede presentarse en diferentes nivelesde estadificación y se caracterizan por un área de exposición ósea necrótica en la región maxilofacial, con una duración mayor a ocho semanas y sin antecedentes de radioterapia o enfermedad metastásica evidente en los maxilares. Algunos factores predisponen al desarrollo de osteonecrosis, entre ellos: procedimientos quirúrgicos dentales. Aún noexiste un protocolo de tratamiento definitivo, sin embargo, se administran modalidades terapéuticas de apoyo de acuerdo a la condición clínica del paciente.Conclusiones: El examen clínico debe ser minucioso, prestando atención a cualquier cambio en la cavidad bucal, enfermedades preexistentes y medicamentos utilizados por el paciente. En todos los casos se deben realizar pautas de higiene bucal y adecuación del medio bucal previo al tratamiento oncológico y al uso de fármacos antirresortivos (AU).

Conhecimento dos graduandos em odontologia sobre osteonecrose dos maxilares: da etiologia ao manejo / Knowledge of undergraduates in dentistry about osteonecrosis of the jaws: from etiology to management / Conocimientos de los estudiantes de odontología sobre osteonecrosis de los maxilares: de la etiología a la gestión

O objetivo foi avaliar o nível de conhecimento dos discentes do último ano do curso de odontologia da Universidade de Pernambuco, acerca da etiológia e manejo da osteonecrose dos maxilares. Metodologia: Trata-se de um estudo transversal realizado com os alunos do 9° e 10° períodos, onde 45 alunos responderam voluntariamente, após firmarem o aceite do termo de Consentimento Livre e Esclarecido, questionário estruturado mediante informações básicas sobre drogas antirreabsortivas e antiangiogênicas, além do manejo de pacientes com osteonecrose dos maxilares. Resultados: Dos 45 discentes que aceitaram responder o questionário 22 (48,8%) eram do 9° período e 23 (51,11%) do 10° período; 82% relataram que não aprenderam sobre medicamentos antirreabsortivos e antiangiogênicos; 84,4% tiveram informações sobre a osteonecrose durante a formação acadêmica. Em relação à possibilidade terapêutica 43,6% indicaram o tratamento cirúrgico (desbridamento); 20,5% laser de baixa intensidade e antibiótico; 12,8% ressecção cirúrgica; 10,3% laser de baixa intensidade; 7,7% oxigenação hiperbárica; (5,12%) infusão de PRP (plasma rico em plaquetas). Conclusão: O atual padrão de conhecimento passado sobre a etiologia e manejo da osteonecrose dos maxilares, induzida por fármacos, não está dando o suporte necessário para a tomada de decisão ao término do processo formal de ensino e aprendizagem no curso de odontologia... (AU)

The objective was to evaluate the level of knowledge of the final-year dental students of the Universidade de Pernambuco about the etiology and management of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Methodology: This is a cross-sectional study carried out with students from the 9th and 10th periods. Informed Consent, a structured questionnaire with basic information about antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs, besides the management of patients with osteonecrosis of the jaws. Results: Of the 45 students who agreed to answer the questionnaire, 22 (48.8%) were from the 9th period and 23 (51.11%) from the 10th period; 82% reported that they did not learn about antiresorptive and antiangiogenic drugs; 84.4% had information about osteonecrosis during their academic training. Regarding the therapeutic possibility 43.6% indicated surgical treatment (debridement); 20.5% low intensity laser and antibiotic; 12.8% surgical resection; 10.3% low intensity laser; 7.7% hyperbaric oxygenation; (5.12%) infusion of PRP (platelet rich plasma). Conclusion: The current pattern of past knowledge on the etiology and management of drug-induced osteonecrosis of the jaws is not providing the necessary support for decision making at the end of the formal teaching and learning process in the dental course... (AU)

El objetivo es evaluar el nivel de conocimiento de los estudiantes del último año del curso de odontología de la Universidad de Pernambuco, sobre la etiología y el manejo de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Metodología: Se trata de un estudio transversal realizado con los estudiantes de los periodos 9° y 10°, en el que 45 estudiantes respondieron voluntariamente, tras firmar el término de Consentimiento Livre y Esclarecido, a un cuestionario estructurado mediante información básica sobre drogas antirreabsortivas y antiangiogénicas, además del manejo de pacientes con osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Resultados: De los 45 estudiantes que accedieron a contestar el cuestionario, 22 (48,8%) eran del 9º periodo y 23 (51,11%) del 10º periodo; el 82% informó de que no había aprendido sobre los fármacos antirresortivos y antiangiogénicos; el 84,4% tuvo información sobre la osteonecrosis durante su formación académica. En cuanto a la posibilidad terapéutica, el 43,6% indicó tratamiento quirúrgico (desbridamiento); el 20,5%, láser de baja intensidad y antibiótico; el 12,8%, resección quirúrgica; el 10,3%, láser de baja intensidad; el 7,7%, oxigenación hiperbárica; el 5,12%, infusión de PRP (plasma rico en plaquetas). Conclusión: El modelo actual de conocimientos previos sobre la etiología y el tratamiento de la osteonecrosis de los maxilares inducida por fármacos no está proporcionando el apoyo necesario para la toma de decisiones al final del proceso formal de enseñanza y aprendizaje en el curso de odontologia... (AU)

Evaluación del estatus del tejido pulpar postratamiento oncológico / Assessment of the status of the pulp tissue post oncological treatment

La OMS cataloga al cáncer como uno de los principales problemas en el ámbito mundial, los pacientes sometidos a terapia oncológica son más vulnerables a desarrollar complicaciones en los tejidos de la cavidad bucal entre las que tenemos: mucositis, infecciones, osteorradionecrosis. En el manejo endodóntico hay que tomar en consideración que los trata- mientos como yodoterapia, radioterapia y quimioterapia pueden generar efectos sobre el complejo dentinopulpar. El objetivo de este artículo es determinar el estatus del tejido pulpar postratamiento oncológico mediante la revisión sistemática en bases de datos de gran relevancia científica, como PubMed, Scielo, Medigraphic, Science direct. Se concluye que el sistema estomatognático es un receptor importante de estos efectos y secuelas en pacientes con terapia oncológica, el tejido pulpar no está libre de estas secuelas ya que genera daño celular, como la hipovascularidad, hipocelularidad e hipoxia la cual incrementa el riesgo de necrosis de la región (AU)

The WHO lists cancer as one of the main problems worldwide, patients undergoing oncological therapy are more vulnerable to developing complications in the tissues of the oral cavity among which we have: mucositis, infections, osteoradionecrosis. In endodontic management, it should be taken into consideration that treatments such as iodine therapy, radiotherapy, and chemotherapy can generate effects on the dentin-pulp complex. This article aims to determine the status of the pulp tissue after oncologic treatment. Through a systematic review in databases of great scientific relevance, such as PubMed, Scielo, Medigrafhic, Science direct. It is concluded that the stomatognathic system is an important receptor of these effects and sequelae in patients with oncological therapy, the pulp tissue is not free of these sequelae as it generates cellular damage because of the hypo vascularity, hypocellularity, and hypoxia which increases the risk of necrosis of the region (AU)

Osteonecrosis mandibular inducida por bifosfonatos en un anciano / Mandibular osteonecrosis induced by biphosfonates in an elderly

Se describe el caso de un anciano de 67 años de edad quien fue asistido en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial de la Clínica Estomatológica Provincial Docente Mártires del Moncada de Santiago de Cuba, remitido del Hospital Oncológico Provincial Docente Conrado Benítez por presentar tejido necrótico en el sector inferior de la mandíbula. Luego de realizados el examen clínico y los estudios complementarios pertinentes, además de establecido el presunto diagnóstico de osteonecrosis mandibular inducida por bifosfonatos, se decidió practicar la exéresis de la porción necrosada, a la cual se le efectuó estudio histopatológico que confirmó la existencia de la enfermedad ósea. La evolución posoperatoria fue satisfactoria; no hubo proceso inflamatorio excesivo ni dehiscencia de la herida quirúrgica.

The case report of a 67 years elderly is described. He was assisted in the Maxillofacial Surgery Service of Mártires del Moncada Teaching Provincial Stomatological Clinic in Santiago de Cuba, referred from Conrado Benítez Teaching Provincial Cancer Hospital due to necrotic tissue in the inferior sector of the jaw. After the clinical and complementary exams, and also establish the presumed diagnosis of mandibular osteonecrosis induced by biphosfonates, it was decided to practice the exeresis of the necrotic bone portion, to which a histopathologic study was carried out that confirmed the existence of the disease. The postoperative evolution was satisfactory; there were not excessive inflammatory process neither dehiscence of the surgical wound.

Osteonecrosis of the Femoral Head: Update Article / Osteonecrose da cabeça femoral: Artigo de atualização

Abstract Among the pathologies that affect the hip joint, osteonecrosis of the femoral head (ONFH) is probably the most intriguing and challenging. It consists of a multifactorial disease with a highly-variable spectrum in its clinical presentation. It has a devastating effect, due to disabling painful conditions, both for usual activities and sports. Given the huge range of risk factors, such as prolonged use of corticosteroids (especially in cases of rheumatologic diseases), trauma sequelae, sickle cell anemia, HIV, alcoholism, smoking, blood dyscrasias, and several other diseases that compromise the blood supply to the femoral head, ONFH has a varied clinical presentation and prognosis, which makes it difficult to determine a specific treatment, especially in cases in which chondral involvement has not yet occurred and the hip joint is still preserved. These are the main factors found in the literature that determine the classifications of this pathology. The range of treatments includes several options for cases in which an attempt is made to save the joint: conservative treatment, traditional decompression and/or combined with some type of adjuvant treatment (homologous grafting, synthetic grafting, vascularized grafts, tantalum screws, and bone marrow aspirate injection), and, for cases in which there is already a subchondral fracture and/or collapse of the femoral head and/or a reduction in the joint space, femoral osteotomies or total hip arthroplasty are commonly performed.

Resumo Entre as patologias que acometem a articulação coxofemoral, a osteonecrose da cabeça femoral (ONCF) é provavelmente a mais intrigante e desafiadora. Consiste em uma doença multifatorial, com um espectro muito variável em sua apresentação clínica. Tem efeito devastador, devido a quadros dolorosos incapacitantes tanto para atividades habituais quanto esportivas. Dada a gama enorme de fatores de risco, tais como uso prolongado de corticoides (principalmente em casos de doenças reumatológicas), sequelas de trauma, anemia falciforme, HIV, etilismo, tabagismo, discrasias sanguíneas, e várias outras doenças que comprometem a irrigação sanguínea da cabeça femoral, a ONCF tem apresentação clínica e prognósticos bem variados, o que dificulta a determinação de um tratamento específico, especialmente em casos nos quais ainda não houve acometimento condral e a articulação do quadril ainda se mantém preservada, sendo estes os principais fatores encontrados na literatura que determinam as classificações desta patologia. No leque de tratamentos, encontramos diversas opções para os casos em que setenta salvar a articulação: tratamento conservador, descompressão simples e/ou associada a algum tipo de tratamento adjuvante (enxertia homóloga, enxertia sintética, enxertos vascularizados, parafusos de tântalo, e injeção de aspirado de medula óssea), e, para casos nos quais já há fratura subcondral e/ou colapso da cabeça femoral e/ou diminuição do espaço articular, reserva-se, comumente, a realização de osteotomias femorais ou artroplastia total do quadril.

Osteonecrosis mandibular: hallazgos clínicos e imagenológicos en un paciente tratado con denosumab / Mandibular osteonecrosis: clinical and imaging findings in a patient treated with denosumab

Introducción: La administración de bifosfonatos y medicamentos antiangiogénicos en pacientes con cáncer es un esquema terapéutico usual en oncología. Existen reportes de osteonecrosis de los maxilares en pacientes sometidos a este esquema de tratamiento, luego de realizar un procedimiento dental invasivo. Objetivo: A partir de las características clínicas e imagenológicas de la patología, ilustrar al odontólogo sobre los medicamentos para el tratamiento del cáncer, susceptibles de generar osteonecrosis de los maxilares. Presentación de caso: Paciente masculino de 89 años, con cáncer de próstata tratado con denosumab, que desarrolló osteonecrosis del maxilar inferior posterior a una extracción dental. Es de vital importancia que el odontólogo identifique los medicamentos, factores de riesgo y las medidas para minimizar el riesgo de osteonecrosis de los maxilares en pacientes susceptibles(AU)

Introduction: The administration of bisphosphonates and antiangiogenic drugs in cancer patients is a usual therapeutic scheme in oncology. There are reports of osteonecrosis of the jaws in patients undergoing this treatment scheme, after performing an invasive dental procedure. Objective: Show the dentist from the clinical and imaging characteristics of the pathology on the drugs for the treatment of cancer sensitivity to generate osteonecrosis of the jaws. Case presentation: An 89-year-old male patient with prostate cancer treated with denosumab developed osteonecrosis of the lower jaw after tooth extraction. It is vitally important that the dentist identifies medications, risk factors and measures to minimize the risk of osteonecrosis of the jaws in sensitivy patients(AU)

Osteonecrosis bilateral de rodilla tratada con descompresión y concentrado de aspirado de médula ósea / Bilateral knee osteonecrosis with decompression and bone marrow concentrate

Descripta por Ahlbäck en 1968, la osteonecrosis de rodilla es una patología con un gran potencial de morbilidad. Está dividida en tres grandes grupos: primaria/espontánea, postoperatoria y secundaria/atraumática. Esta última podría estar directamente relacionada con el consumo prolongado de corticoides. Su tratamiento constituye un desafío para el cirujano ortopedista. Va a depender del estadio de la enfermedad y del colapso articular, y se intentará siempre preservar la superficie articular nativa. Dentro de las distintas opciones terapéuticas, las terapias biológicas constituyen una herramienta potencialmente valiosa como complemento al tratamiento quirúrgico, y muestran resultados clínicos esperanzadores. Presentamos el caso de una paciente con una osteonecrosis de rodilla bilateral, secundaria al consumo crónico de corticoides, tratada con una artroscopía bilateral asociada a perforaciones subcondrales descompresivas y aplicación subcondral de concentrado de médula ósea (CMO), con evolución satisfactoria de los síntomas a los treinta meses de seguimiento en la rodilla derecha, mientras que en la rodilla izquierda presentó una evolución tórpida de los síntomas a partir de los veinticuatro meses, por lo que está en plan de reemplazo articular.

Described by Ahlbäck in 1968, osteonecrosis of the knee is a pathology with great potential for morbidity. It is divided into three large groups: primary/spontaneous, postoperative, and secondary/atraumatic. The latter might be directly related to prolonged consumption of steroids. Its treatment is a challenge for the orthopedist. It will depend on the disease stage and articular collapse, always trying to preserve the native articular surface. Within the different therapeutic options, biological therapies are a potentially valuable tool as a complement to surgical treatment, showing encouraging clinical results. We present the case of a female patient with bilateral osteonecrosis of the knee, secondary to chronic consumption of steroids, treated with bilateral arthroscopy associated with decompressive subchondral perforations and subchondral application of bone marrow concentrate (BMC), with a satisfactory evolution of symptoms after thirty months of follow-up in the right knee. However, the left knee showed a torpid evolution of symptoms after twenty-four months of follow-up, so she is on a joint replacement plan

Knowledge of dentistry students on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw / Conhecimento de alunos do curso de Odontologia sobre osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de bisfosfonatos

Objective: Bisphosphonates are anti-resorptive drugs used in the control and treatment of calcium and bone metabolism disorders. Despite their high clinical efficacy, these drugs have been associated with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. The goal of this study is to evaluate the knowledge of final year undergraduate dentistry students on bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw. Material and Methods: A sample of 100 students from private institutions in the state of São Paulo was invited to complete a questionnaire relating to bisphosphonates and the risk factors associated with the development of osteonecrosis of the jaws. Results: 66% of the students did not recognize any bisphosphonate (p=0.0019) and 79% did not recognize their trademark names (p<0.0001). 60% of the students recognized osteonecrosis of the jaws as a side effect of bisphosphonates (p<0.0001) and 56% identified at least one risk factor associated with the drug that may contribute to the side effect (p<0.0001). 66% of the students stated that their course did not provide any lectures on the topic (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The knowledge of dentistry students about bisphosphonates and bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is variable. This may be related to an inadequate discussion of this topic during their undergraduate studies(AU)

Objetivo: Os bisfosfonatos são medicamentos antirreabsortivos utilizados no controle e tratamento de desordens do cálcio e do metabolismo ósseo. Apesar da elevada eficácia clínica, a terapia com estes medicamentos tem sido associada a uma importante complicação denominada de osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de bisfosfonatos. O objetivo deste estudo é avaliar conhecimento sobre a osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de bisfosfonatos entre os alunos do último ano do curso de graduação de Odontologia. Material e Métodos: Uma amostra de 100 alunos de instituições privadas do estado de São Paulo foi convidada a responder um questionário sobre as principais informações dos bisfosfonatos e fatores de risco associados com o desenvolvimento da osteonecrose dos maxilares. Resultados: Os 100 questionários foram respondidos: 66% dos estudantes não reconheceram algum bisfosfonato (p=0,0019), 79% não reconheceram seus nomes de marcas comerciais (p<0,0001); 60% dos alunos reconheceram a osteonecrose dos maxilares como um efeito colateral dos bisfosfonatos (p<0,0001) e 56% apontaram pelo menos um fator de risco associado com o medicamento que pode causar o desenvolvimento do efeito colateral (p<0,0001); 66% dos estudantes afirmaram que o curso não forneceu alguma aula abordando esta temática (p<0.0001). Conclusão: O grau de conhecimento dos alunos de Odontologia sobre bisfosfonatos e osteonecrose dos maxilares relacionada ao uso de bisfosfonatos é variável e está relacionado com a pouca discussão deste tema durante a graduação(AU)

Avaliação dos tecidos ao redor de implantes osseointegrados com e sem peri-implantite induzida e a relação com a ocorrência de osteonecrose dos maxilares associada à terapia medicamentosa / Tissue evaluation around osseointegrated implants with and without induced peri-implantitis and the relation with the occurrence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw

Objetivo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar a resposta dos tecidos periimplantares em condições de normalidade e com peri-implantite induzida por ligadura, em implantes osseointegrados na maxila de ratas senescentes submetidas ao tratamento posterior com dosagem oncológica de zoledronato. Material e métodos: Foram utilizadas 28 ratas Wistar (Rattus novergicus) iniciando o experimento com aproximandamente 14 meses de idade e pesando entre 350 e 450g. Os animais foram submetidos à exodontia do incisivo superior direito e instalação imediata de um implante de titânio com 2,5 mm de diâmetro por 5,7 mm de comprimento, onde após quase 2 meses, foi realizada a cirurgia de reabertura dos implantes e instalação de um cicatrizador. Após uma semana, os animais foram divididos de acordo com os seguintes tratamentos: veículo, administração de solução salina estéril 0,9% intraperitoneal (Grupo VEI); zoledronato, com administração de 100 µg/Kg de zoledronato (Grupo ZOL); veículo com peri-implantite experimental (Grupo VEI-PIE) e; zoledronato com peri-implantite experimental (Grupo ZOL-PIE), com a indução da peri-implantite experimental (PIE) por meio de uma ligadura de algodão 5 semanas após o início do tratamento medicamentoso. A porcentagem de tecido ósseo total (PTO-T) e porcentagem de tecido ósseo não vital (PTO-NV) foram analisadas histometricamente, e foram realizadas imunomarcações para fosfatase ácida resistente ao tartarato (TRAP), fator de necrose tumoral alfa (TNFα), interleucina 1 beta (IL1-ß), fator de crescimento endotelial vascular (VEGF) e osteocalcina (OCN). Os dados foram submetidos à análise estatística. Resultados: O grupo ZOL mostrou persistência de inflamação no tecido conjuntivo peri-implantar e uma quantidade considerável de PTO-NV ao redor do implante quando comparado com VEI. A inflamação peri-implantar foi mais exacerbada em ZOL-PIE, assim como, o comprometimento da vitalidade do tecido ósseo ao redor dos implantes quando comparado com VEI-PIE. Conclusão: Conclui-se que o tratamento com altas doses de zoledronato ocasiona alterações ao nível periimplantar, dentre elas, um aumento da inflamação local, e da PTO-NV ao redor do implante osseointegrado, o que pode representar um possível fator de risco para o surgimento da osteonecrose dos maxilares associada à terapia medicamentosa relacionada ao implante odontológico (ONMM-IO). Na presença da PIE há uma exacerbação da inflamação e um aumento ainda maior da PTO-NV, o que implica em um importante fator de risco agravante para o surgimento da ONMM-IO no modelo experimental estudado(AU)

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate the response of peri-implant tissues under normal conditions and with ligature-induced peri-implantitis, in osseointegrated implants in the maxilla of senescent rats submitted to subsequent treatment with oncological dosage of zoledronate. Material and methods: Twenty-eight female Wistar rats (Rattus novergicus) were used, starting the experiment at approximately 14 months of age and weighing between 350 and 450g. The animals underwent extraction of the upper right incisor and immediate installation of a titanium implant 2.5 mm wide by 5.7 mm long, where after almost 2 months, surgery to reopen the implants and installation of a healer was performed. After one week, the animals were divided according to the following treatments: vehicle, administration of 0.9% sterile saline intraperitoneally (VEI Group); zoledronate, with administration of 100 µg/Kg of zoledronate (ZOL Group); vehicle with experimental peri-implantitis (VEIPIE Group) and; zoledronate with experimental peri-implantitis (ZOL-PIE Group), with the induction of experimental peri-implantitis (PIE) by means of a cotton suture 5 weeks after the start of drug treatment. The percentage of total bone tissue (PBT-T) and percentage of non-vital bone tissue (PBT-NV) were analyzed histometrically, and immunostaining for tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP), tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFα), interleukin 1 beta (IL1-ß), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and osteocalcin (OCN). Data were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: The ZOL group showed persistence of inflammation in the peri-implant connective tissue and a considerable amount of PBT-NV around the implant when compared to VEI. Peri-implant inflammation was more exacerbated in ZOL-PIE, as well as compromised bone tissue vitality around the implants when compared to VEI-PIE. Conclusion: It is concluded that treatment with high doses of zoledronate causes changes at the peri-implant level, among them, an increase in local inflammation, and in PBT-NV around the osseointegrated implant, which may represent a possible risk factor for the emergence of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws implant- associated (MRONJ-IA). In the presence of PIE, there is an exacerbation of inflammation and an even greater increase in PBT-NV, which implies an important aggravating risk factor for the emergence of MRONJ-IA in the experimental model studied(AU)

Interpretation of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw: MASCC/ISOO/ASCO clinical practice guideline / 中华口腔医学杂志

Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (MRONJ) is a serious adverse event related to administration of antiresorptive or antiangiogenic medications. With the increasing usage of bone-modifying agents in cancer therapy, the incidence of MRONJ enhanced gradually, which affects the life quality of patients and interferes with cancer therapy. In 2019, Multinational Association of Supportive Care in Cancer (MASCC), International Society of Oral Oncology (ISOO) and American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) convened a multidisciplinary Expert Panel to evaluate the evidence and formulate recommendations on practices in the prevention and management of MRONJ in patients with cancer. The present article made an interpretation of Medication-Related Osteonecrosis of the Jaw: MASCC/ISOO/ASCO Clinical Practice Guideline so as to provide clinicians with diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for cancer patients with MRONJ.

Osteonecrosis of the Intermediate Cuneiform: A Case Report / Osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio: Relato de caso

Abstract Osteonecrosis is a disease that rarely affects the bones of the foot. When present, it is more common in the talus and in the navicular. Cases of osteonecrosis of the intermediate cuneiform are extremely rare, and after a thorough bibliographic review, we found only five reports in the literature, all of them in pediatric patients. Below, we present the case of an adult patient with osteonecrosis of the intermediate cuneiform that was resistant to conservative treatment. Thus, we proposed a surgical approach with good results. Level of Evidence V; Therapeutic Studies; Expert Opinion.

Resumo A osteonecrose é uma doença que raramente afeta os ossos do pé. Quando presente, ela é mais comum no tálus e no navicular. Casos de osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio são extremamente raros, e após uma revisão bibliográfica minuciosa encontramos apenas cinco relatos na literatura, sendo todos eles em pacientes pediátricos. A seguir, apresentamos o caso de um paciente adulto com osteonecrose do cuneiforme intermédio resistente ao tratamento conservador. Portanto, propusemos uma abordagem cirúrgica com bom resultado. Nível de Evidência V; Estudos Terapêuticos; Opinião de Especialista.

Medial Knee Arthrosis: A Pathology with a Progressive Evolution / Artrose medial do joelho: Uma patologia de evolução progressiva

Abstract Medial arthrosis of the knee is an evolutionary pathology that occurs due to progressive muscle imbalance. The muscles of the knee region have a large imbalance caused by the difference of power and lever arm. With the progression of life, this imbalance manifests itself more importantly, especially due to the loss of muscle strength due to aging. Pathological postures begin to occur and determine areas of support and pressure harmful to the joint. Meniscal injury is typical in the evolution of this pathology, as well as cartilage injury. The recognition of this pathology enables good results with less aggressive treatments, such as correction of muscle imbalance and consequent reeducation of joint support. Economic and partial meniscectomy brings good results in the early stages of the degenerative process. Progressive evolution leads to knee degeneration and the consequent need for broader surgeries.

Resumo A artrose medial do joelho é uma patologia evolutiva que ocorre em decorrência de desequilíbrio muscular progressivo. Os músculos da região do joelho têm um grande desequilíbrio, provocado pela diferença de potência e braço de alavanca. Com a progressão da vida, este desequilíbrio se manifesta de forma mais importante, especialmente em decorrência da perda de força muscular em função do envelhecimento. Posturas patológicas passam a ocorrer e determinar zonas de apoio e pressão lesivas para a articulação. A lesão meniscal é típica na evolução desta patologia, assim como a lesão da cartilagem. O reconhecimento desta patologia possibilita resultados bons com tratamentos menos agressivos, como a correção do desequilíbrio muscular e consequente reeducação do apoio da articulação. A meniscectomia econômica e parcial traz bons resultados nas fases iniciais do processo degenerativo. A evolução progressiva leva à degeneração do joelho e à consequente necessidade de cirurgias mais amplas.

Enfermedad de Dieterich: reporte de un caso de una enfermedad muy poco frecuente / Dieterich's disease: a case report of a very rare disease

RESUMEN La enfermedad de Dieterich o necrosis avascular de la cabeza de los metacarpianos es una enfermedad muy poco frecuente, con poco más de 50 casos reportados en la literatura. De etiología desconocida, clínicamente se puede manifestar de forma variable, desde asintomática hasta con evidente inflamación y limitación funcional dolorosa de la articulación metacarpofalángica afectada. Presentamos el caso de un paciente de 82 anos que presentaba dolor a nivel de la articulación metacarpofalángica del tercer dedo de la mano derecha, de un año de evolución, sin causa aparente. La exploración física no evidenciaba limitación funcional, ni dolor; tampoco se objetivó eritema, tumefacción o efecto masa. Se realizó un estudio radiológico con diagnóstico de enfermedad de Dieterich avanzada, estableciendo tratamiento conservador con antiinflamatorios no esteroideos con mejoría clínica significativa.

ABSTRACT Dieterich's disease, or avascular necrosis of the metacarpal head, is a very rare disease, with just over 50 cases reported in the literature. Of unknown aetiology, it can manifest clinically in a variable way, from asymptomatic to obvious inflammation and painful functional limitation of the affected metacarpophalangeal joint. The case is presented of an 82-yearold patient who presented with pain at the level of the metacarpophalangeal joint of the third finger of the right hand of 1 year of duration without apparent cause. The physical examination showed no functional limitation or pain. Furthermore, no erythema, swelling, or mass effect was observed. A radiological study was carried out, leading to a diagnosis of advanced Dieterich's disease. Conservative treatment was started with nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, with a significant clinical improvement.

Humeral Head Osteonecrosis: Outcomes of Hemiarthroplasty After Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up / Osteonecrose da cabeça do úmero: Avaliação dos resultados da artroplastia parcial com seguimento mínimo de 10 anos

Abstract Objective To analyze long-term functional and radiographic results of partial shoulder replacement for humeral head osteonecrosis. Methods Retrospective review of thirteen cases, with a mean postoperative follow-up of 17 years (range 10 to 26 years). The findings from the last follow-up were compared to those in which the patients had one year of postoperative follow-up. Functional assessment consisted of shoulder movement measurements and application of the University of California, Los Angeles (UCLA) shoulder score. All patients underwent radiographic examination to measure glenoid erosion, proximal humeral migration and lateral glenohumeral dislocation. Results Glenoid erosion increased over time significantly (p < 0.05). Paradoxically, all active shoulder movements also improved (p < 0.05), while UCLA scores remained the same. Radiographic deterioration was not correlated with clinical function. We had an 84.7% survival rate for arthroplasties after a mean time of 16 years. Conclusions Early functional outcomes were maintained in the long run and do not correlate with radiographic deterioration (increased erosion of the glenoid).

Resumo Objetivo Analisar os resultados funcionais e radiográficos de longo prazo da artroplastia parcial do ombro para estosteonecrose da cabeça do úmero. Métodos Revisão retrospectiva de 13 casos, com seguimento pós-operatório médio de 17 anos (variação de 10 a 26 anos). Os achados do último seguimento foram comparados àqueles em que os pacientes tinham com 1 ano de acompanhamento pós-operatório. A avaliação funcional consistiu em medidas do movimento do ombro e aplicação do escore do ombro da Universidade da Califórnia, Los Angeles (UCLA). Todos os pacientes foram submetidos a exame radiografico para medir a erosão glenoidal, a migração umeral proximal, e o deslocamento glenoumeral lateral. Resultados A erosão da glenoide aumentou com o tempo significativamente (p < 0,05). Paradoxalmente, todos os movimentos ativos do ombro também melhoraram (p < 0,05), enquanto os escores da UCLA permaneceram os mesmos. A deterioração radiográfica não teve correlação com a função clínica. Tivemos uma taxa de sobrevida de 84,7% das artroplastias após tempo médio de 16 anos. Conclusões Os resultados funcionais precoces mantiveram-se a longo prazo e não se correlacionem com a deterioração radiográfica (aumento da erosão glenoidal).

Caracterización clínico-terapéutica de pacientes diagnosticados con Osteonecrosis en los maxilares relacionada con medicación / Clinical and therapeutic characterization of patients diagnosed with medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws

Introducción: La osteonecrosis en los maxilares por medicación es una afección asociada al tratamiento con bifosfonatos, antireabsortivos y antiangiogénicos. Objetivo: Caracterizar clínica y terapéuticamente los pacientes diagnosticados de Osteonecrosis en los Maxilares relacionada con medicación. Material y Método: Se realizó una serie de casos de 19 pacientes, la totalidad de los diagnosticados con la entidad en el Servicio de Cirugía Maxilofacial. Facultad de Estomatología Raúl González Sánchez, enero 2018-enero 2019. Se identificó severidad, factores de riesgo y se estandarizó tratamiento que incluyó la curación con aceite ozonizado y la aplicación de láser infrarrojo. Se evaluó el tratamiento a los 90 días. Se operacionalizaron las variables: sexo, tipo de medicación, vía y tiempo de administración, localización y evaluación al tratamiento. Resultados: La edad promedio de los pacientes fue 69±8,5 años, un 52,63 por ciento fueron masculinos, el zolendronato fue el agente mas asociado en el 78,95 por ciento de los casos, la enfermedad periodontal fue el factor local preponderante (57,89 por ciento), la localización mandibular postero lateral y el estadio evolutivo 2 predominaron en el 63,16 por ciento y 52,63 por ciento de las lesiones. El 78,94 por ciento de los casos presentó evolución satisfactoria a los 90 días. Conclusiones: La medicación con bifosfosfonatos parenterales predominantemente con el zolendronato, fue la causa principal de las osteonecrosis, las cuales prevalecieron en el sector postero lateral de mandíbula y con el estadio 2. La variante de tratamiento de curación con aceite ozonizado e irradiación con láser fue la más implementada. Los valores de lesiones resueltas y mejoradas a los 90 días fueron satisfactorios(AU)

Introduction: Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws is an affection associated with the treatment with bisphosphonates, antiresorptive agents or antiangiogenic medications. Objective: To perform a clinical and therapeutic characterization of patients with the diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws. Material and Method: A case series of a total of 19 patients with the diagnosis of medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaws was carried out in the Department of Dental and Maxillofacial Surgery of ¨Raúl González Sánchez¨ Dental School of Havana from January 2018 to January 2019. The severity and risk factors were identified and the treatment including the healing with ozone oil and the application of infrared laser was standardized. The patients were evaluated in the 90 days after treatment. The operationalization of variables included: sex, type of medications, ways and time of administration, localization, and evaluation of treatment. Results: The average age of patients was 69±8,5 years and 52,63 percent of them were male. Zolendronate was the most associated agent in 78,95 percent of cases. Periodontal disease was the most identified local factor (57, 89 percent). The posterolateral area of the mandible and stage 2 disease evolution predominated in 63,16 percent and 52, 63 percent of lesions, respectively. Also 78, 94 percent of cases had a satisfactory evolution in the 90 days after treatment. Conclusions: The administration of intravenous bisphosphonates, particularly Zolendronate, was the main cause of osteonecrosis. These lesions were mainly located in the posterior lateral area of the mandible and presented stage 2 disease evolution. Healing with ozone oil and application of infrared laser was the most implemented alternative treatment. The values of resolved and improved lesions were satisfactory in the 90 days after treatment(AU)